Paper : 106 Assignment

Paper 106 : Assignment -

Major Allusions and their Significance in 'Waste Land

Name - Hina Parmar

Batch - M.A. Sem 2 (2022-2024)

Enrollment no - 40692064202221

Roll no - 10

Subject code - 22399

Paper no - 106

Paper - The twentieth century literature 1900-1945

Email address - hinaparmar612@gmail.com

Submitted to - Smt.S.B. Gardi Department of English M.K.B.U.

Date of submission - 31 march, 2023

This blog is an assignment on paper no - 106 The Twentieth Century Literature 1900-1945. This assignment is assigned by Dr. Dilip Barad sir H.O.D of English Department M.K.B.U. In this particular blog I am going to illustrate major Allusions and their significance in 'Waste Land' by T.S. Eliot.

T.S. Eliot (26 September 1888 – 4 January 1965)

T. S. Eliot (Thomas Stearns Eliot) was a great poet of the twentieth century and essayist, publisher, playwright, literary critic and editor. He was Considered one of the 20th century's major poets, he is a central figure in English-language and Modernist poetry.

He is also regarded as a rebel poet, who discusses city life, its barrenness, hectic activities, sex perversities, immoral attitude of the city people, and loss of faith in religious traditions, spiritual sterility, snobbery and so on. He uses both traditional as well as personal symbols in his poetry. He is an obscure symbolist and an ordinary reader can never easily understand his symbols. Most of allusions in his poetry are concerned, he uses Shakespearean and Miltonic as well as Dante's and Lord Buddha's references in his art. He also uses some particular Christian myths and at the same time he introduces us to Greek mythology.

In 1948 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, "for his outstanding, pioneer contribution to present-day poetry".

'The Waste Land'

It has been over 40 years since the 'Waste Land' appeared. Through the passage of time and partly through a growing familiarity with Eliot's subsequent poetry much of the original obscurity has disappeared. This poem is generally recognised to be a landmark in English  poetry. A seminal influence on much of the verse written during the last three decades. 

In this poem there is first a poetic analogy to the composer's use of motif and theme to relate the separate parts of a composition. Secondly, the use of psychological association deriving from the poet's insight into the complex structure of our feelings by which apparently opposed feelings are connected or apparently similar feelings are opposed, and thirdly, the unifying effect method. The significance of myth in Eliot's poetry is overriding.

The Wasteland was published in 1922, this poem is a remarkable poem in the history of English Literature, written in 433 lines. 

The poem consists of five section 

• "The Burial of the Dead" - This section deals with spiritual decadence and death of waste-landers. 
• "A Game of Chess" - In this section the game is played to hide the seduction of a young girl by a noble man.
• "The Fire Sermon" - This section is a reference to Buddha's famous sermon, which suggests that the whole world is on fire of hatred, lamentation, misery, grief and despair. 
• "Death by Water" - In this section water is a symbol of life but for waste-landers it’s a symbol of death.

• "What the Thunder Said '' -  In this section we find a solution to get rid of the barrenness and sterility of waste-landers or modern man.

Major Allusions and their Significance in 'Waste Land'

First of all we have to understand 

What is allusion ?

The use of already existing literary text in newly created literary text is known as allusion, sometimes we call it reference or an obscure mentioning.

Harmon maintains that an allusion is “a figure of speech that makes brief reference to a historical or literary figure, event or object”

Oxford Dictionary of English defines 

an allusion as “an expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly”

Allusion is one of the widely used literary devices. Detecting allusions in this poem is like detecting myths and anecdotes in Srimad Bhagavatam by Srila Vyasadeva, because both texts are obscure. The more we go through them, the more we explore interesting and enigmatic things. It is a long poem which includes occidental as well as oriental literature and culture. It reflects the poet’s profound knowledge and interest in Vedic literature and its teachings.

Basically Eliot was influenced by Jessie Weston’s book From Ritual to Romance (1919) which supplied him with the legend of the Grail and the Fisher King. He was impressed by James Frazer’s book The Golden Bough (1890) which provided him with the knowledge of a number of vegetation and fertility myths and rituals, especially those connected with Attis, Adonis and Osiris.

Allusions and their Significance in 'Waste Land'

There are various themes of this poem, but the major themes are spiritual crisis, pessimism, sexual perversion, infertility and despondency in the Modern World. Here in this poem Eliot has revealed these thematic aspects through the use of allusions. 

Allusions in First Section "The Burial Of The Dead"

April is the cruelest month.

In literature, April is consider the month of rebirth or regeneration but for waste-Landers April is the cruelest month as they are not willing to revive.

This is an allusive line taken from Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales. April falls in the spring season. It is the season of fertility and creativity. It reminds the modern waste landers of life and activity which they do not like, therefore this month is the cruelest month for them. This allusion is significant, because it reveals infertility that is one of the themes of this poem.

What are the roots that clutch, what branches grow/ Out of this stony rubbish? Son of man

Eliot borrows this phrase ‘son of man’ from the chapter ‘Ezekiel’ of The Bible. From Ezekiel, in which God addresses Ezekiel, whose mission will be to preach the coming of the Messiah to unbelievers, saying "Son of Man, stand up upon thy feet, and I will speak unto thee." Here in this allusion Eliot visualizes the modern world as a waste land where branches do not give a shade, and the waste landers do not pay attention to the teachings of God. 

A heap of broken images, where the sun beats, / And the dead tree gives no shelter, the cricket no relief.

 

These lines describe  to Ecclesiastes om of The Bible to show us that modern men have no faith in God. They believe in broken images. The broken images refer to false ideologies and idols. It is the land where the trees are dead and they can’t give shelter. These references point out spiritual crisis, desolation and pessimism.

The Lady of the Rocks. / The lady of situations.

This allusion represents an ironic reference to Leonardo da Vinci's painting Madonna and the Rocks. The woman is also called "the lady of situations". She can be either beautiful or dangerous. She is an expert in manipulating sex-intrigues. This allusion is used in this poem to hint at sexual perversion in the Modern World.

Unreal City

This phrase is described in Les sept vieillards by poet Charles Baudelaire, it also refers to the "City" that is the name for London's financial district, located to the north of London Bridge. The speaker mentions "Unreal" or fake modern city whose "brown fog" suggests that it isn't the cleanest of places. The city is unreal because it is cut off from both natural and spiritual sources of life. By this allusion the poet represents people who are running behind money and material facilities.

Allusions in Second Section "A Game Of Chess"

This section is about the rap of a young girl and problems of married life in lower class families. The title of this section is allusive which is taken from Middleton's play "Women Beware Women".

"Jug Jug" to dirty ears.

"Jug Jug" is a French term which symbolizes sexual intercourse. In Elizabethan poetry, this was a conventional representation of a nightingale's song. It depicts the story of Philomela as narrated by Ovid in his Metamorphosis. She was raped by the barbarous king Tarus, her own brother- in-law. Her tongue was cut by him. It reflects the situation of sexual perversion and cruelty existing in the present world.

Allusions in Third Section "The Fire sermon"

This section is about the sex perversities in modern man, and tells about the rape of three daughters of River Thames. The title of the poem is allusive and is taken from the Sermon of Lord Buddha.

The rattle of the bones, and chuckle spread from ear to ear. 

This allusion signifies Andrew Marvell's To His Coy Mistress: "But at my back I always hear, Time's winged chariot hurrying near". This line hints at the hurried condition of modern men who do not have time for spiritual advancement or for the purification of their heart.

To luncheon at the Cannon Street Hotel Followed by a weekend at the Metropole. 

The Cannon Street Hotel and Hotel Metropole were two luxurious hotels of Eliot's time, although both had reputations for being places of questionable sexual activities. In the modern era, there are several grand hotels where sexual activities take place for money. Such sexual activities are done only for sensual satisfaction, not for creation.

When a lovely woman stoops to folly . 

This is an allusion to Oliver Goldsmith's novel The Vicar of Wakefield, in which Olivia, returning to the place where she was seduced, sings, "When a lovely woman stoops to folly, and finds too late that men betray… It represents the modern world where seduction is common. It is an indication of cruelty and sexual perversion. 

This music crept by me upon the waters. 

This line alludes to Shakespeare's The Tempest. The music of the gramophone reminds Tiresias of the music which he once heard as he walked on the bank of the river Thames. 

The river sweats,Oil and tar, Weialala leia ,Wallala leialala. 

Eliot takes this song from Götterdämmerung, the last opera in Wagner's “Ring Cycle”. People have defiled the purity of the river. It has been completely polluted and commercialized. 

Burning burning burning burning.

Eliot takes this line from the Buddha's Fire Sermon which describes the burning of passion, attachment, and suffering. According to most accounts, the Fire Sermon was preached by the spiritual teacher known as Buddha. It was intended to encourage people to give up the "fire" of lust for sex and worldly possessions. 

Allusions in Fourth Section "Death by Water"

This is the smallest section of the poem, Eliot wants to tell us that we are like dead bodies although we are physically alive, yet spiritually dead.

"He passed the stages of his age and youth” 

This is allusion towards the captivation of the image of nice Osiris who gets old as he rises and falls on the waves, later he is reborn.

Allusions in Fifth Section "What The Thunder Said"

This is the last section of the poem and about how the modern man can get deliverance. The title symbolizes hope and rebirth.

Who are those hooded hordes swarming / Over endless plains, stumbling in cracked earth.

These lines allude to Herman Hesse’s essays The Brother’s Karamazov. These lines refer to rude, uneducated and filthy people who pollute the modern world. They also refer to the troops of the First World War sweeping across Europe and destroying everything. 

DA / Datta: what have we given?

The line is a reference to the Hindu fable in which gods, men, and demons each in turn ask the lord of creation, Prajapati, "Please instruct us, Sir." To each he utters the syllable "Da" and each group interprets the answer differently. The people in the modern time are sad, because the more they get, the more they desire. They don’t want to give, but just want to take. The divine voice advised them to give others. Giving means gaining contentment.

London Bridge is falling down, falling down, falling down. 

This famous nursery rhyme was prevalent in Eliot' time, and still well-known in many places today. It depicts the decay and destruction of civilization. Social norms and values are falling down in the name of progress and modernity. 

Datta. Dayadhvam. Damyata. 

The terms “Datta”, “Dayadhvam” and “Damyata” are taken from the first line of “The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad” in which God presents three sets of disciples with the mystic syllable DA. “Datta” means (give) for men who are avaricious, “Dayadhvam” (compassion) for the demons who are cruel and “Damyata” (control) for the gods who are naturally unruly. Then the poem closes with the repetition of the three words the thunder said, which again mean: "Give, show compassion, and control ". These are Eliot's final words of advice to his audience. 

Shantih Shantih Shantih. 

It is a final chant of benediction. It is the traditional ending to The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad. Eliot regards this chant as the peace which passes understanding that is the expression of ultimate resignation. It indicates that “Shantih” is necessary in our life, but it is missing from our life.

Conclusion 

To conclude, one could say that the poem 'Waste Land' is an allusive poem that contains literary allusions, religious allusions, mythical allusions, cultural allusions and so on. These allusive references are exploited to reflect the situations, deeds, notions and manners of men and women of the Modern World which resembles the waste land. 

Citation

Khan, Abdul  Bari, and Hafiza  Sana Mansoor. “International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Modern Education (IJMRME).” CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF ALLUSIONS AND  SYMBOLS IN THE POEM "THE WASTELAND"  BY THOMAS STEARNS ELIOT, vol. 1, no. 1, 2015.

OWENS, R. J. “T. S. Eliot’s ‘The Waste Land.’” Caribbean Quarterly, vol. 9, no. 1/2, 1963, pp. 3–10. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/40652841. Accessed 27 Mar. 2023.

Sharma, Lok Raj. “Journal for Research Scholars and Professionals of English Language Teaching.” Detecting Major Allusions and Their Significance in Eliot's Poem The Waste Land, vol. 4, no. 21, 2020, https://doi.org/10.54850/jrspelt.

Tate, Allen , Davies, Hugh Alistair and Gardner, Helen. "T.S. Eliot". Encyclopedia Britannica, 1 Jan. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/T-S-Eliot. Accessed 27 March 2023.

Words - 2,354

Pictures - 2

Virginia Woolf's Orlando - A Biography

 

Virginia Woolf's Orlando - A Biography

This blog is a task assigned by Megha Ma'am, visitor faculty of English Department  M.K.B.U. In this blog I am going to answer the questions mentioned in the task. 

Virginia Woolf's "Orlando - A Biography"

"Orlando: A Biography" is a novel written by Virginia Woolf and first published in 1928. It is a semi-biographical work that tells the story of a young nobleman named Orlando who lives for over three centuries, experiencing various adventures and transformations along the way.

The novel is loosely based on the life of Woolf's friend and lover, Vita Sackville-West, and explores themes of gender identity, sexuality, and the fluidity of time and history. It is known for its experimental narrative style, which incorporates elements of fantasy, satire, and historical fiction, and its depiction of a protagonist who changes gender midway through the story.

The novel was controversial at the time of its publication due to its exploration of gender and sexuality, but has since become a classic of modernist literature and an important work in the feminist and LGBTQ+ literary canon. It has been adapted into several films and stage productions, and continues to be studied and celebrated for its innovative narrative and themes.

Virginia Woolf

Virginia Woolf was an English writer and one of the foremost modernists of the 20th century. She was born on January 25, 1882, in London, England, and grew up in a literary family. Her father was a prominent writer and editor, and her mother was a socialite and philanthropist.

Woolf began her writing career as a literary critic and essayist, contributing to publications such as The Times Literary Supplement and The Guardian. She later became a novelist and is best known for her works "Mrs Dalloway", "To the Lighthouse", "Orlando: A Biography" and "The Waves". Her writing style was experimental, using stream-of-consciousness narrative techniques and exploring themes of gender, identity, and the complexities of human relationships.

Woolf was also a prominent figure in the Bloomsbury Group, a collective of writers, artists, and intellectuals who met regularly in London in the early 20th century. She was married to Leonard Woolf, a writer and political activist, and the two founded the Hogarth Press, which published many of her own works as well as those of other modernist writers.

Despite her literary success, Woolf struggled with mental health issues throughout her life and eventually died by suicide in 1941. Her legacy as a pioneering writer and feminist icon continues to inspire and influence writers and thinkers today.

Q-(1) How far do you feel that Orlando is influenced by Vita and Virginia's love affair? Does it talk only about that or do you find anything else too ?

Yes, Virginia Woolf's novel "Orlando" was inspired by her close friend and lover, Vita Sackville-West, and their romantic relationship. The novel is, in fact, a tribute to Vita and their shared experiences.

However, "Orlando" is not solely focused on the romantic relationship between Vita and Virginia. The novel is a complex exploration of identity, gender, sexuality, and the passage of time. The story follows the character of Orlando, who lives for centuries and undergoes a transformation from a man to a woman.

Through Orlando's experiences, Woolf examines the nature of gender and the way in which it shapes our lives and identities. The novel also explores the fluidity of sexuality and the impact that social norms and expectations have on our understanding of ourselves and others.

Q-(2) Who do you think is confused about their identity Vita or Virginia ? Explain with illustrations.

Both Virginia Woolf and Vita Sackville-West were known for their unconventional views on gender and sexuality, which were reflected in their personal lives and literary works. Woolf, for instance, had affairs with women and explored gender fluidity in her novel "Orlando: A Biography," while Sackville-West was known for her numerous affairs with both men and women and was open about her bisexuality.

In terms of their identities, Woolf struggled with mental health issues throughout her life and experienced periods of depression and self-doubt. She also struggled with her sense of self and questioned her place in the world, as seen in her diaries and personal writings. On the other hand, Sackville-West had a strong sense of self and identity, which was often reflected in her fashion choices and the way she presented herself to the world.

Overall, it is difficult to determine who may have been more "confused" about their identity, as both Woolf and Sackville-West were complex individuals who explored and challenged traditional notions of gender and sexuality in their personal lives and literary works.

Q-(3) What do societies think about women and identity? Do you agree with them ? If yes then why ? If not then why?

Societal attitudes towards women and identity have varied throughout history and across different cultures. In many societies, there have been traditional gender roles and expectations placed on women, which can limit their opportunities for self-expression and exploration of their own identities. Women have often been expected to conform to societal norms and expectations, such as being caregivers, homemakers, or supportive wives, rather than pursuing their own interests and ambitions.

In recent years, there has been increased awareness and advocacy for gender equality and the importance of allowing women to fully explore and express their own identities. Many people now recognize that every individual should have the right to determine their own identity, regardless of gender, race, or other factors. However, there are still societal attitudes and cultural beliefs that can limit women's opportunities for self-expression and exploration.

Q- (4) What are your views on Gender identity? Would you like to give any message to society? 

Gender identity refers to a person's sense of self and identification as male, female, or another gender. It is different from biological sex, which is determined by one's physical characteristics and reproductive organs. Gender identity is a deeply personal and complex issue that is often shaped by social and cultural factors, as well as personal experiences and self-reflection.

For some individuals, their gender identity may align with the sex assigned to them at birth, while others may identify as transgender, non-binary, or genderqueer. Transgender individuals, for instance, may identify as a gender that is different from the sex assigned to them at birth, while non-binary individuals may identify as neither male nor female or as both male and female.

It is important to recognize and respect each individual's gender identity and to create a safe and inclusive environment that allows for self-expression and exploration. Transgender and non-binary individuals, in particular, often face discrimination and marginalization in society, which can have serious consequences for their mental and physical health.

It is important for individuals and society as a whole to respect and support people of all genders. We should work towards creating a world that is inclusive and accepting of diverse gender identities, and that allows everyone to live as their authentic selves.

Q-(5) Write notes on the direction of the movie. Which symbols and space caught your attention while watching the movie? 

"Orlando" is a film directed by Sally Potter, based on Virginia Woolf's novel of the same name. The film tells the story of a nobleman named Orlando who lives for centuries, changing gender along the way and exploring themes of gender identity, sexuality, and the passing of time.

In terms of direction, the film uses various techniques to convey the passage of time and the shifting identities of the protagonist. The use of montage, for instance, allows for the seamless transition between different eras and historical periods. The film also employs a mix of real locations and stylized sets to create a dream-like atmosphere that blurs the boundaries between reality and imagination.

Symbolism is a significant aspect of the film, with various objects and spaces used to represent different themes and ideas. For instance, the symbol of a watch is used to represent the passage of time and the fleeting nature of human life. The use of costumes and fashion also plays a significant role in symbolizing gender and identity, with Orlando's clothing changing to reflect their changing gender identity.

Q-(6) "Vita and Virginia" had to be made into a bollywood Adaptation, who do you think would be fit for the role of Vita and Virginia?

I can suggest a few actresses who could potentially play the roles of Vita and Virginia based on their previous performances and suitability for similar roles:

For the role of Vita Sackville-West, an actress who can portray confidence, charisma, and charm would be a good fit. Some possible choices could be Deepika Padukone, Priyanka Chopra, or Kareena Kapoor Khan, who have all shown their ability to portray strong and complex female characters.

For the role of Virginia Woolf, an actress who can portray vulnerability, introspection, and depth would be ideal. Possible choices could be Kangana Ranaut, Alia Bhatt, or Vidya Balan, who have all shown their ability to portray complex and nuanced characters with emotional depth.

Write your views on the movie Orlando. What differences and similarities have you noticed in the movie Vita and Virginia and Orlando?

"Orlando" is a film directed by Sally Potter, based on Virginia Woolf's novel of the same name. The film tells the story of a nobleman named Orlando who lives for centuries, changing gender along the way and exploring themes of gender identity, sexuality, and the passing of time. The film features a strong visual style and explores complex themes through symbolism and imagery.

"Vita and Virginia," on the other hand, is a biographical drama film directed by Chanya Button, based on the real-life relationship between Virginia Woolf and Vita Sackville-West. The film explores themes of love, desire, and creative inspiration, and features a strong focus on the relationship between the two women.

One key similarity between the two films is their focus on exploring complex themes of identity and gender, as well as their use of symbolism and imagery to convey these ideas. Both films also highlight the importance of artistic expression and creativity in shaping personal identity and relationships.

However, the films also have some notable differences. While "Orlando" focuses on a single character and their journey through time, "Vita and Virginia" focuses on the relationship between two real-life women and the impact they had on each other's lives and work. "Vita and Virginia" also features a more traditional narrative structure, while "Orlando" is more experimental in its approach to storytelling.

Overall, both "Orlando" and "Vita and Virginia" are powerful films that explore complex themes and ideas in different ways, showcasing the creativity and skill of their respective directors and actors.

Thank you for visiting.✨

War poetry - thinking activity

 War poetry

This blog is a task, which is given by Megha ma'am, visiting faculty of English Department M.K.B.U. In this particular blog I am going to write about what is war poetry and try to connect it with other patriotic songs and movies which are about war, and also try to explain my own view.

What is 'War poetry'?

War poetry is poetry which deals with the subject of war. The term 'War poetry' came to be used after the first world war. War poems are usually written by soldiers, who went through all kinds of situations during war. They face many problematic things and however, nurses and doctors in military hospitals, and even war correspondents have written war poetry.  The authors are all people who have seen what really happens on the battlefield with their own eyes. The poems written by soldiers from World War I and later conflicts were not epics; these verses did not praise heroes or epic battles.  But they questioned the purpose of war, why people fight ? And what was the real purpose behind war ?

So we can say that War poetry is exclusively realistic, showing warfare in an unglamorous and unromantic light.

The term 'War poets' can be applied to a poet of any nationality writing about any war, including-

•  Homer's Iliad, from around the 8th century BC 

• poetry of the American Civil War,

• The Spanish Civil War,

• The Crimean War and other wars.

Here are some famous war poets, who influenced many readers by their writing.

Siegfried Sassoon

Siegfried Sassoon was a model soldier turned passionate pacifist, he is remembered for his incendiary antiwar writing, which reflects shattered illusions about the glory and honor of warfare.

He was enlisting as a second lieutenant in May 1915, Sassoon soon gained an exemplary military record. He was decorated twice, awarded the Military Cross for rescuing comrades during a raid on an enemy trench.

Rupert Brooke

Rupert Brooke has been seen as a poster-boy for the idealism of Britain’s early war effort. Unlike poets such as Siegfried Sassoon or Wilfred Owen, whose poetry was coloured by the mud and blood of the trenches, Brooke never lived to experience the horrors of front line service first hand. His writing is characterized by a patriotism and romanticism which is completely at odds with the poetry that emerged from the later years of the war.

Wilfred Owen

Wilfred Owen was a poet who never lived to see most of it published.

After enlisting in 1915, Owen was sent to the western front in January 1917, where he was quickly exposed to the grim reality of life on the front line. In April, he wrote to his mother that -

“For 12 days I did not wash my face, nor take off my boots, nor sleep deeply. For 12 days we lay in holes where at any moment a shell might put us out.”

Here I try to interpret one bollywood patriotic song, which we can connect with a war song, and also try to give my own thoughts upon it.

Teri Mitti – Kesari (2019)

This is an amazing song, which is one of the latest in the series of patriotic songs. This song has Soulful lyrics, and it is also sung beautifully. and that bit of Punjabi tinge makes me nostalgic for the land that is known for its brave sons.

Here are all information about this song-

Song Title	teri mitti mein mil jawa
Movie	Kesari (Year-2019)
Singer	B Praak
Music Director	Arko
Lyrics Writer	Manoj Muntashir
Star casts	Akshay Kumar, Parineeti Chopra, Vikram Kochhar
Music Label	Zee Music Company

Historical background of this song

"Teri Mitti" is a patriotic Hindi song which features as a tribute to soldiers on the soundtrack of the 2019 film Kesari, based on the Battle of Saragarhi, which took place in 1897. It was released on 15 March 2019, a week before the launch of the film.

Here is lyrics of the song of -

तलवारों पे सर वार दिए

अंगारों में जिस्म जलाया है

तब जाके कहीं हमने सर पे

ये केसरी रंग सजाया है…

ए मेरी ज़मीं अफसोस नहीं

जो तेरे लिए सौ दर्द सहे

मेहफूज रहे तेरी आन सदा

चाहे जान मेरी ये रहे ना रहे

ऐ मेरी ज़मीं महबूब मेरी

मेरी नस-नस में तेरा इश्क बहे

फीका ना पड़े कभी रंग तेरा

जिस्मों से निकल के खून कहे

तेरी मिट्टी में मिल जावां

गुल बनके मैं खिल जावां

इतनी सी है दिल की आरजू

तेरी नदियों में बेह जावां

तेरे खेतों में लेहरावां

इतनी सी है दिल की आरजू

ओ.. ओ.. ओओ..

सरसों से भरे खलिहान मेरे

जहाँ झूम के भंगड़ा पा न सका

आबाद रहे वो गाँव मेरा

जहाँ लौट के बापस जा न सका

ओ वतना वे, मेरे वतना वे

तेरा मेरा प्यार निराला था

कुर्बान हुआ तेरी अस्मत पे

मैं कितना नसीबों वाला था

तेरी मिट्टी में मिल जावां

गुल बनके मैं खिल जावां

इतनी सी है दिल की आरजू

तेरी नदियों में बेहजावां

तेरे खेतों में लेहरावां

इतनी सी है दिल की आरजू

केसरी…

हो हीर मेरी तू हंसती रहे

तेरी आँख घड़ी भर नम ना हो

मैं मरता था जिस मुखड़े पे

कभी उसका उजाला कम ना हो

ओ माई मेरी क्या फिकर तुझे

क्यूँ आँख से दरिया बेहता है

तू कहती थी तेरा चाँद हूँ मैं

और चाँद हमेशा रहता है

तेरी मिट्टी में मिल जावां

गुल बनके मैं खिल जावां

इतनी सी है दिल की आरजू

तेरी नदियों में बेहजावां

तेरे फसलों में लेहरावां

इतनी सी है दिल की आरजू

केसरी…

Basically this song is all about war, this song is based on the battle of saragarhi, which happened in 1897. In this battle many soldiers died for their nation, and this song and movie tribute for them. This song represents the courage of the soldiers who died on the battlefield.

 This song starts with-

तलवारों पे सर वार दिए अंगारों में जिस्म जलाया है….  चाहे जान मेरी ये रहे ना रहे..

So the soldier said that We've put our heads on the swords and burnt our bodies in the fire. Only after all that we've adorned this saffron color on our head. Here he said that they went through all kinds of hardships in the battlefield, then after that all they achieve victory, here "kesari" color symbolizes victory. 

Then after that he says that 

ऐ मेरी ज़मीं महबूब मेरी….इतनी सी है दिल की आरजू…

In these lines the soldier said that "O my motherland, you're my beloved and your love flows in my veins Every drop of my blood says that your color should never fade. Here he wanted to express his love for his nation, he said that his motherland is his love and beloved. He expressed patriotism towards his nation, he didn't want to fade away the pride of his nation. Even he transfusing blood for his nation. Here we can clearly see his strong love for his nation, that he can do anything for his nation and country.

Then he said that- 

तेरी नदियों में बेह जावां….मैं कितना नसीबों वाला था….

Here he wanted to flow in his motherlands rivers, and wanted to swaying in fields.This much is the desire of the heart, my barn full of mustard, Where could not dance on  Bhangra, May that village of mine remain inhabited, where he could not go back, Oh country, my country, your love was unique, Sacrifice for his nation, how lucky i was. Here he felt pride to sacrifice his life for the nation. Here he felt nostalgia, and express his feeling after death. 

After that he said that-

तेरी मिट्टी में मिल जावां….कभी उसका उजाला कम ना हो…

Here he wanted to say that he wanted to get mixed in your soil, he wanted to bloom like a flower. This much is the desire of the heart, innocent in your rivers, swaying in your fields, and then he mentioned his beloved and said that "my dear you keep smiling. May your eyes not be moist for hours, the face on which I used to die, never lose its light." Here he justified that he wanted to fight with all his strength, he even wanted to die but never escape from the battlefield. It shows his bravery for his nation.

Then at last he said that-

ओ माई मेरी क्या फिकर तुझे….इतनी सी है दिल की आरजू

केसरी…

At last he mention his family and he 

Reassure his close ones by saying that "oh my my what are you worried about, why tears flow from your eyes, You used to say that I am your moon, and the moon is always, get mixed in your soil, I bloom like a flower. This much is the desire of the heart, innocent in your rivers swaying in your crops." 

So at last we can say that here the soldier  expresses his bravery and courage for his nation and he can do anything for his nation.  Here in this patriotic song we can clearly see the bravery of the soldier that can die on the battlefield but never runs away from his duty to protect his nation.

Here i embeded this song, so you can easily watch this from youtube.

 

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